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PumpsPumps: A Pump is a device used to move gases, liquids or slurries Pumps fall into two major groups: Rotodynamic pumps and Positive Displacement Pumps. Their names describe the method for moving a fluid. A positive displacement pump causes a fluid to move by trapping a fixed amount of it then forcing (displacing) that trapped volume into the discharge pipe. The periodic fluid displacement results in a direct increase in pressure. A positive displacement pump can be further classified as either - A Rotary-type for example the Rotary Vane - Lobe pump similar to oil pumps used in car engines - The Wendelkolben pump or the helical twisted Roots pump Roots-type pumps: The low pulsation rate and gentle performance of this Roots-type positive displacement pump is achieved due to a combination of its two 90 degree helical twisted rotors, and a triangular shaped sealing line configurations, both at the point of suction and the point of discharge. This design produces a continuous and non-vorticuless flow with equal volume. High capacity industrial "air compressors" have been designed to employ this principle as well as most "superchargers" used on internal combustion engines. Reciprocating-type Pumps use a piston and cylinder arrangement with suction and discharge valves integrated into the pump. Pumps in this category range from have "simplex" one cylinder, to in some cases "quad" four cylinders or more. Most reciprocating-type pumps are "duplex" (two) or "triplex" (three) cylinder. Furthermore, they are either "single acting" independent suction and discharge strokes or "double acting" suction and discharge in both directions. The pumps can be powered by air, steam or through a belt drive from an engine or motor. This type of pump was used extensively in the early days of steam propulsion (19th Century) as boiler feed water pumps. Though still used today, reciprocating pumps are typically used for pumping highly viscous fluids including concrete and heavy oils. Compressed-air-powered double diaphragm pumps another moder application of positive displacement pumps are compressed air powered double-diaphragm pumps. Commonly seen in all areas of industry from shipping to process. They are relatively inexpensive and can be used for almost any duty from pumping water out of bunds to pumping hydrochloric acid from secure storage (depending on how the pump is manufactured - elastomers/body construction). Suction is normally limited to roughly 6 m although heads can be almost unlimited. Kinetic Pumps: - Continuous energy addition - Conversion of added energy to increase in Kinetic Energy (increase in velocity) - Conversion of increased velocity to increase in pressure - Conversion of kinetic head to pressure head - meet all heads like kinetic, potential and pressure.  |
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